{"id":3295,"date":"2022-03-29T17:14:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T15:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/?p=3295"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:19:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:19:13","slug":"co-je-elektricky-izolant-a-v-jakych-formach-je-mozne-jeho-nalezeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/cs\/co-je-elektricky-izolant-a-v-jakych-formach-je-mozne-jeho-nalezeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to elektrick\u00fd izolant a v jak\u00fdch form\u00e1ch se vyskytuje?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co je to elektrick\u00fd izolant a v jak\u00fdch form\u00e1ch se vyskytuje?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Home<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektrick\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory jsou nepostradateln\u00fdm prvkem ve v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, proto\u017ee slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a osob. Tyto izol\u00e1tory se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ve stovk\u00e1ch kombinac\u00ed tvar\u016f, materi\u00e1l\u016f a sestav pro n\u011bkdy velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Zde je stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak definovat elektrickou izola\u010dn\u00ed schopnost vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Funkc\u00ed elektricky izola\u010dn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu je zabr\u00e1nit pr\u016fchodu proudu mezi dv\u011bma vodiv\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi vystaven\u00fdmi rozd\u00edlu elektrick\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l\u016f. Elektrickoizola\u010dn\u00ed charakter materi\u00e1lu je definov\u00e1n jeho m\u011brn\u00fdm odporem, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010dinou symbolizovanou p\u00edsmenem \u03c1 (\u03a9\u22c5m), a jeho dielektrickou pevnost\u00ed, co\u017e je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota elektrick\u00e9ho pole, kterou materi\u00e1l vydr\u017e\u00ed, ne\u017e dojde ke vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho oblouku. O materi\u00e1lu se tedy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je izola\u010dn\u00ed, pokud je jeho elektrick\u00fd odpor v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 108 \u03a9\u22c5m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy elektrick\u00fdch izol\u00e1tor\u016f?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dielektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou k dispozici v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch (pap\u00edr, netkan\u00e9 textilie, f\u00f3lie) nebo kapaln\u00fdch (prysky\u0159ice) form\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pru\u017en\u00e1 izolace \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pru\u017en\u00e9 izolace jsou izolace o tlou\u0161\u0165ce men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 milimetr, prod\u00e1van\u00e9 jako pap\u00edr nebo vl\u00e1kna. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pap\u00edry, jako je Nomex\u00ae, jsou meta-aramidy s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepelnou stabilitou (od -196 \u00b0C do +300 \u00b0C). Je proto ide\u00e1ln\u00edm elektrick\u00fdm izolantem pro mnoho aplikac\u00ed: transform\u00e1tory, v\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny, hybridn\u00ed vozidla atd. Jin\u00e9, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Nokamex, \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd lamin\u00e1t z polyimidu Kapton\u00ae a aramidov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru Nomex\u00ae, maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepeln\u00e9, elektrick\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tuh\u00e1 vrstven\u00e1 izolace\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lamin\u00e1ty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0159adu izola\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f slo\u017een\u00fdch z n\u011bkolika vrstev materi\u00e1lu. Z\u00e1kladem izolace jsou v\u00fdztuhy (pap\u00edr, sklen\u011bn\u00e1 roho\u017e, sklen\u011bn\u00e1 tkanina, sl\u00edda), kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed polymerizac\u00ed pota\u017eeny fenolovou, polyesterovou, epoxidovou nebo silikonovou prysky\u0159ic\u00ed. Vyskytuj\u00ed se ve form\u011b desek o tlou\u0161\u0165ce od n\u011bkolika desetin milimetru a\u017e po n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek milimetr\u016f. Je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinovat vlastnosti t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f a z\u00edskat tak izolant, kter\u00fd vykazuje jak vysok\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9, tak mechanick\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>

Tyto izol\u00e1tory lze pou\u017e\u00edt v motorech a transform\u00e1torech, gener\u00e1torech, elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch...<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Technick\u00e9 filmy\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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F\u00f3lie jsou izola\u010dn\u00ed polymery o tlou\u0161\u0165ce men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5 mm, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici ve form\u011b rol\u00ed. Jejich slo\u017een\u00ed se velmi li\u0161\u00ed a existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch formulac\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi dielektrick\u00fdmi, tepeln\u00fdmi a mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Silnou str\u00e1nkou polyimid\u016f typu Kapton\u00ae je tedy tepeln\u00e1 odolnost (a\u017e 400 \u00b0C jako kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dka) s ohledem na ostatn\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9, zat\u00edmco polyestery typu Mylar\u00ae pat\u0159\u00ed mezi izolanty s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi dielektrick\u00fdmi hodnotami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kapaln\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektrickou izolaci lze zajistit tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016f v kapaln\u00e9m stavu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje um\u00edstit tekutou izolaci na pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 m\u00edsto a pozd\u011bji ji vytvrdit. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou ochrann\u00e9 laky a tmely. Krom\u011b toho\u00a0tekut\u00e9 epoxidov\u00e9 nebo polyesterov\u00e9 impregna\u010dn\u00ed prysky\u0159ice<\/strong>\u00a0lze p\u0159id\u00e1vat k vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 izolaci a vytv\u00e1\u0159et tak tuh\u00e9 kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tuh\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory: p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 elektrickou izolac\u00ed. Izolace se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b motor\u016f, kabel\u016f a transform\u00e1tor\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Elektrick\u00e9 motory a gener\u00e1tory\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V elektronice se desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z materi\u00e1lu zvan\u00e9ho FR-4, co\u017e je lamin\u00e1t vyroben\u00fd z epoxidov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice a sklen\u011bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. Jedn\u00e1 se o siln\u00fd, tuh\u00fd a neho\u0159lav\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izol\u00e1tory pro elektroniku\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mal\u00e9 elektromotory pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, jako jsou motory \u010derpadel st\u011bra\u010d\u016f \u010deln\u00edho skla, lze izolovat pomoc\u00ed pru\u017en\u00fdch polyesterov\u00fdch izola\u010dn\u00edch f\u00f3li\u00ed o tlou\u0161\u0165ce asi 100 mikron\u016f, proto\u017ee dielektrick\u00fd charakter izolantu se m\u011bn\u00ed s jeho tlou\u0161\u0165kou. Pru\u017en\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v z\u00e1\u0159ezov\u00fdch zp\u011btn\u00fdch nebo mezif\u00e1zov\u00fdch funkc\u00edch.<\/p>

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b u za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu turboaltern\u00e1toru nebo plynov\u00e9 turb\u00edny b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me materi\u00e1ly pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u0161t\u011brbin z vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho lamin\u00e1tu, kter\u00e9 jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a kombinuj\u00ed v\u00fdhody 2 nebo 3 materi\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159\u00edklad: Nokamex triplex lamin\u00e1ty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izol\u00e1tory pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se elektrick\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 na altern\u00e1torech, kabelech a palubn\u00ed elektronice. Od n\u00e1stupu elektrick\u00fdch a hybridn\u00edch automobil\u016f nav\u00edc tato pot\u0159eba jen vzrostla kv\u016fli nutnosti izolovat baterie. Lze pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad Formex\u00ae, polypropylen ve f\u00f3li\u00edch nebo vo\u0161tinov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch. Tato \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt izola\u010dn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly rozptyluj\u00edc\u00edmi teplo nebo izola\u010dn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly s integrovan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi vedouc\u00edmi proud. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na trhu je k dispozici mnoho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 izolace a jejich v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1vis\u00ed na aplikaci. Tyto materi\u00e1ly maj\u00ed nav\u00edc r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlastnosti z hlediska elektrick\u00e9 izolace, teplotn\u00ed odolnosti a mechanick\u00e9 pevnosti.<\/p>

Nev\u00e1hejte se obr\u00e1tit na na\u0161e t\u00fdmy. Pomohou v\u00e1m vybrat tu spr\u00e1vnou elektroizolaci pro va\u0161e pot\u0159eby!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pot\u0159eba?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na\u0161e t\u00fdmy v\u00e1m odpov\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edve<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to elektrick\u00fd izolant a v jak\u00fdch form\u00e1ch se vyskytuje? Elektrick\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory se vyskytuj\u00ed ve v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch a jsou nepostradateln\u00fdmi prvky, proto\u017ee slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a osob. Tyto izol\u00e1tory se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ve stovk\u00e1ch kombinac\u00ed tvar\u016f, materi\u00e1l\u016f a sestav pro n\u011bkdy velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Zde je stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled t\u011bchto izol\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marche"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? - ADDEV Materials Converting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/cs\/co-je-elektricky-izolant-a-v-jakych-formach-je-mozne-jeho-nalezeni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? - ADDEV Materials Converting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? 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