{"id":3388,"date":"2022-03-30T12:06:26","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T10:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/?p=3388"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:19:05","slug":"co-je-elektricky-izolant-a-v-jakych-formach-je-mozne-jeho-nalezeni-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/cs\/co-je-elektricky-izolant-a-v-jakych-formach-je-mozne-jeho-nalezeni-2\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161e o zhor\u0161en\u00ed dielektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u0161e o zhor\u0161en\u00ed dielektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Home<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l nem\u00e1 neomezenou \u017eivotnost a dielektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti se mohou \u010dasem zhor\u0161ovat. A\u010dkoli se faktory zhor\u0161en\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed t\u011bchto izol\u00e1tor\u016f mohou li\u0161it, d\u016fsledky jsou v\u017edy stejn\u00e9: selh\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9 v\u017edy zvolit materi\u00e1l p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fd specifikac\u00edm.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00e9 jsou faktory po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch izol\u00e1tor\u016f?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159i zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dielektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed izolant\u016f se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dva faktory:<\/span><\/p>

  1. teplota\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>teplota je p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem<\/span>\u00a0,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je materi\u00e1l poddajn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e urychluje jeho degradaci p\u016fsoben\u00edm elekt\u0159iny.<\/span><\/li>
  2. a elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdboji spojen\u00fdmi s nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

    Elektrick\u00fd izol\u00e1tor je toti\u017e po celou dobu sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti veden do boje s proudem. Tento neust\u00e1l\u00fd boj ho oslabuje, proto\u017ee elektrick\u00fd proud postupn\u011b naru\u0161uje povrch tohoto izolantu. Po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b se objev\u00ed elektrick\u00fd oblouk, a tud\u00ed\u017e\u00a0<\/span>funkce izolace se p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>

    Nav\u00edc \u010d\u00edm prud\u0161\u00ed je \u00fatok proudu, a tedy \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed, t\u00edm rychlej\u0161\u00ed je tato degradace.<\/span><\/p>

    Krom\u011b t\u011bchto faktor\u016f, jejich\u017e vliv je systematick\u00fd, je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch parametr\u016f zhor\u0161en\u00ed. Ty souvisej\u00ed s prost\u0159ed\u00edm, v n\u011bm\u017e se izolace vyv\u00edj\u00ed, a mohou b\u00fdt spojeny s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdmi procesy:<\/span><\/p>