{"id":3388,"date":"2022-03-30T12:06:26","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T10:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/?p=3388"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:19:05","slug":"czym-jest-izolator-elektryczny-i-w-jakich-formach-mozna-go-znalezc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/pl\/czym-jest-izolator-elektryczny-i-w-jakich-formach-mozna-go-znalezc-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Wszystko o pogorszeniu w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3388\" class=\"elementor elementor-3388\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10c85a86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10c85a86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55154029\" data-id=\"55154029\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ada67e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ada67e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wszystko o pogorszeniu w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ee4cf69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5ee4cf69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/\">Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cb95d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cb95d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61f2ad0\" data-id=\"61f2ad0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6fc66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc6fc66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u017baden materia\u0142 izolacyjny nie ma nieograniczonej \u017cywotno\u015bci, a w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektryczne mog\u0105 z czasem ulec pogorszeniu. Chocia\u017c wsp\u00f3\u0142czynniki degradacji tych izolator\u00f3w mog\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107, konsekwencje s\u0105 zawsze takie same: awaria chronionego sprz\u0119tu. Dlatego wa\u017cne jest, aby zawsze wybiera\u0107 materia\u0142 dostosowany do specyfikacji.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15621a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"15621a7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8edc832\" data-id=\"8edc832\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58861f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58861f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jakie s\u0105 czynniki niszcz\u0105ce izolatory elektryczne?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a65e3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a65e3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Na pogorszenie w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych izolator\u00f3w wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnie dwa czynniki:<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span>temperatura\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>:<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0Wiadomo, \u017ce\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Temperatura jest czynnikiem obci\u0105\u017caj\u0105cym<\/span><span>\u00a0,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0poniewa\u017c im jest ona wy\u017csza, tym bardziej plastyczny staje si\u0119 materia\u0142, co przyspiesza jego degradacj\u0119 pod wp\u0142ywem elektryczno\u015bci.<\/span><\/li><li><strong><span>i napr\u0119\u017cenia elektryczne<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0spowodowane cz\u0119\u015bciowymi wy\u0142adowaniami zwi\u0105zanymi ze skokami napi\u0119cia.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span>Rzeczywi\u015bcie, przez ca\u0142e \u017cycie izolator elektryczny jest zmuszony do walki z pr\u0105dem. Ta ci\u0105g\u0142a walka os\u0142abia go, poniewa\u017c pr\u0105d elektryczny stopniowo niszczy powierzchni\u0119 izolatora. Po pewnym czasie pojawia si\u0119 \u0142uk elektryczny, a zatem\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>przerwanie funkcji izolacji<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p><p><span>Co wi\u0119cej, im gwa\u0142towniejszy atak pr\u0105du, a zatem im wy\u017csze napi\u0119cie, tym szybsza degradacja.<\/span><\/p><p><span>Opr\u00f3cz tych czynnik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych wp\u0142yw jest systematyczny, istnieje wiele innych parametr\u00f3w degradacji, kt\u00f3re nale\u017cy wzi\u0105\u0107 pod uwag\u0119. S\u0105 one zwi\u0105zane ze \u015brodowiskiem, w kt\u00f3rym izolacja ewoluuje i mog\u0105 by\u0107 powi\u0105zane z r\u00f3\u017cnymi procesami fizyko-chemicznymi:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span>wp\u0142yw promieniowania UV;<\/span><\/li><li><span>ograniczenia mechaniczne;<\/span><\/li><li><span>\u015brodowisko radioaktywne;<\/span><\/li><li><span>atmosfera korozyjna;<\/span><\/li><li><span>utlenianie;<\/span><\/li><li><span>obecno\u015b\u0107 rozpuszczalnik\u00f3w itp.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9bd63c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9bd63c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-867d75d\" data-id=\"867d75d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1962fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1962fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pogorszenie w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych i jego konsekwencje\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae0e566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae0e566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Konkretnie, degradacja materia\u0142u prowadzi do pogorszenia w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci izolacyjnych, tj. do zmniejszenia wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci dielektrycznej.<\/span><\/p><p><span>Materia\u0142 stanie si\u0119 zatem mniej odporny na dzia\u0142anie pola elektrycznego i istnieje ryzyko przerwania funkcji dielektrycznej.<\/span><\/p><p><span>Konsekwencje przerwania funkcji dielektrycznej materia\u0142u s\u0105 niestety cz\u0119sto nieodwracalne. W rzeczywisto\u015bci, gdy ma to miejsce po cz\u0119\u015bciowym roz\u0142adowaniu,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>izolacja jest zniszczona<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a sprz\u0119t elektryczny, kt\u00f3ry musi chroni\u0107, natychmiast przestaje dzia\u0142a\u0107. Aby to zilustrowa\u0107, mo\u017cemy zatem powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>izolator elektryczny zachowuje si\u0119 jak \"bezpiecznik funkcji izolacyjnej\".<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ea5616 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ea5616\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28ba890\" data-id=\"28ba890\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-135f6ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"135f6ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak unikn\u0105\u0107 pogorszenia w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e04fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9e04fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Przewidywanie tego pogorszenia nie zawsze jest \u0142atwe, poniewa\u017c degradacja samej izolacji nie jest widoczna przed jej p\u0119kni\u0119ciem. Dlatego wa\u017cne jest, aby wybra\u0107 materia\u0142y wysokiej jako\u015bci, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 dostosowane do rzeczywistych warunk\u00f3w u\u017cytkowania. Oto 2 podstawowe kryteria, kt\u00f3re nale\u017cy wzi\u0105\u0107 pod uwag\u0119:<\/p><h3><u>1. Sprawdzi\u0107, czy typ izolacji jest zgodny ze specyfikacj\u0105<\/u><\/h3><p>Niezb\u0119dne jest\u00a0<strong>dok\u0142adnie zna\u0107 ograniczenia funkcjonalne sprz\u0119tu<\/strong>\u00a0czy jest to maszyna wiruj\u0105ca, czy transformator, aby wybra\u0107 materia\u0142 izolacyjny, kt\u00f3ry b\u0119dzie najlepiej odpowiada\u0142 specyfikacjom.<\/p><p>Wyb\u00f3r izolacji jest zatem podyktowany jej w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bciami dielektrycznymi, ale tak\u017ce jej\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/2022\/06\/08\/what-are-the-different-types-of-electrical-insulation-2\/\" rel=\" noopener\">klasa termiczna<\/a>\u00a0Dlatego te\u017c normy europejskie, takie jak certyfikaty IEC i UL, odgrywaj\u0105 wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119.<\/p><h3><u>2. Wybierz materia\u0142y wysokiej jako\u015bci<\/u><\/h3><p>Je\u015bli chodzi o \u017cywotno\u015b\u0107 izolatora, wiadomo, \u017ce\u00a0<strong>wytrzyma\u0142o\u015b\u0107 dielektryczna zmienia si\u0119 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od zakresu<\/strong>\u00a0wybranych materia\u0142\u00f3w izolacyjnych. Pogorszenie jako\u015bci materia\u0142u izolacyjnego niskiej jako\u015bci mo\u017ce zatem nast\u0105pi\u0107 przedwcze\u015bnie z powodu wad, takich jak ubytki obecne w materiale.<\/p><p>Dlatego te\u017c wyb\u00f3r materia\u0142\u00f3w od uznanych producent\u00f3w jest zawsze wskazany, poniewa\u017c producenci anga\u017cuj\u0105 si\u0119 w proces certyfikacji, kt\u00f3ry cz\u0119sto gwarantuje lepsz\u0105 odporno\u015b\u0107 na degradacj\u0119 w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0077c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f0077c2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df807e6\" data-id=\"df807e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82d1975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82d1975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wnioski<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12592e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12592e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>W trakcie eksploatacji materia\u0142 izolacyjny poddawany jest intensywnym napr\u0119\u017ceniom elektrycznym i termicznym, kt\u00f3re os\u0142abiaj\u0105 go i pogarszaj\u0105 jego w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektryczne. Je\u015bli degradacja izolatora jest nieunikniona, mo\u017cna j\u0105 ograniczy\u0107 poprzez\u00a0<\/span><span>wyb\u00f3r wysokiej jako\u015bci materia\u0142\u00f3w i dostosowanie do rzeczywistych warunk\u00f3w pracy<\/span><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-490afeac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"490afeac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2da26072\" data-id=\"2da26072\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f0e1922 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f0e1922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konkretna potrzeba?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7940d0d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7940d0d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nasze zespo\u0142y odpowiedz\u0105 tak szybko, jak to mo\u017cliwe<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-55071826 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55071826\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-117f7dff\" data-id=\"117f7dff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wszystko o pogorszeniu w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektrycznych \u017baden materia\u0142 izolacyjny nie ma nieograniczonej \u017cywotno\u015bci, a w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci dielektryczne mog\u0105 z czasem ulec pogorszeniu. Chocia\u017c czynniki pogarszaj\u0105ce w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci tych izolator\u00f3w mog\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107, konsekwencje s\u0105 zawsze takie same: awaria chronionego sprz\u0119tu. Dlatego wa\u017cne jest, aby zawsze wybiera\u0107 materia\u0142 dostosowany do specyfikacji. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marche"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>All about the deterioration of dielectric properties - ADDEV Materials Converting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/pl\/czym-jest-izolator-elektryczny-i-w-jakich-formach-mozna-go-znalezc-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"All about the deterioration of dielectric properties - ADDEV Materials Converting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"All about the deterioration of dielectric properties No insulating material has an unlimited lifespan and the dielectric properties can degrade over time.\u00a0Although the deterioration factors for these insulators may vary, the consequences are always the same: failure of the equipment to be protected.\u00a0It is therefore essential to always choose the material adapted to the specifications. 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