{"id":3295,"date":"2022-03-29T17:14:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T15:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/?p=3295"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:19:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:19:13","slug":"ce-este-un-izolator-electric-si-in-ce-forme-se-poate-gasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/ro\/ce-este-un-izolator-electric-si-in-ce-forme-se-poate-gasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este un izolator electric \u0219i sub ce forme poate fi g\u0103sit?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ce este un izolator electric \u0219i sub ce forme poate fi g\u0103sit?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Acas\u0103<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Prezen\u021bi \u00een toate sectoarele industriale, izolatorii electrici sunt elemente indispensabile, deoarece au rolul de a proteja echipamentele \u0219i oamenii. Ace\u0219ti izolatori sunt disponibili \u00een sute de combina\u021bii de forme, materiale \u0219i ansambluri, pentru aplica\u021bii uneori foarte diferite. Iat\u0103 o scurt\u0103 prezentare general\u0103 a acestor materiale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cum se define\u0219te capacitatea de izolare electric\u0103 a unui material de \u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Func\u021bia unui material electroizolant este de a \u00eempiedica trecerea curentului \u00eentre dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi conductoare supuse unei diferen\u021be de poten\u021bial electric. Caracterul izolator electric al unui material este definit de rezistivitatea sa, o m\u0103rime fizic\u0103 simbolizat\u0103 prin litera \u03c1 (\u03a9\u22c5m) \u0219i de rigiditatea sa dielectric\u0103, care reprezint\u0103 valoarea maxim\u0103 a c\u00e2mpului electric pe care materialul o poate suporta \u00eenainte de a se declan\u0219a un arc electric. Astfel, se spune c\u0103 un material este izolant atunci c\u00e2nd rezistivitatea sa este mai mare de 108 \u03a9\u22c5m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Care sunt diferitele tipuri de izolatori electrici?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Materialele dielectrice sunt disponibile \u00een diverse forme solide (h\u00e2rtie, materiale ne\u021besute, filme) sau lichide (r\u0103\u0219ini).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izola\u021bie flexibil\u0103 \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Izola\u021biile flexibile sunt izola\u021bii cu o grosime mai mic\u0103 de 1 milimetru, v\u00e2ndute sub form\u0103 de h\u00e2rtie sau fibre. De exemplu, h\u00e2rtiile precum Nomex\u00ae sunt meta-aramide cu o stabilitate termic\u0103 excelent\u0103 (de la -196\u00b0C la +300\u00b0C). Prin urmare, este izolatorul electric ideal pentru numeroase aplica\u021bii: transformatoare, turbine eoliene, vehicule hibride etc. Altele, cum ar fi Nokamex, un laminat de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate fabricat din poliimid\u0103 Kapton\u00ae \u0219i h\u00e2rtie aramidic\u0103 Nomex\u00ae, au propriet\u0103\u021bi termice, electrice \u0219i mecanice excelente.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izola\u021bie laminat\u0103 rigid\u0103\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Materialele laminate sunt o gam\u0103 de materiale izolatoare formate din mai multe straturi de material. Arm\u0103turile (h\u00e2rtie, rogojini de sticl\u0103, p\u00e2nz\u0103 de sticl\u0103, mica) constituie baza izola\u021biei, care este acoperit\u0103 cu r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 fenolic\u0103, poliesteric\u0103, epoxidic\u0103 sau siliconic\u0103 \u00eenainte de a fi polimerizat\u0103. Acestea se g\u0103sesc sub form\u0103 de pl\u0103ci, cu grosimi de la c\u00e2teva zecimi de milimetru p\u00e2n\u0103 la c\u00e2teva zeci de milimetri. Astfel, este posibil s\u0103 se combine propriet\u0103\u021bile acestor materiale pentru a ob\u021bine un izolator care prezint\u0103 at\u00e2t performan\u021be electrice termice, c\u00e2t \u0219i mecanice ridicate.<\/p>

Ace\u0219ti izolatori pot fi utiliza\u021bi \u00een motoare \u0219i transformatoare, generatoare, echipamente electrice...<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Filme tehnice\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peliculele sunt polimeri izolatori cu o grosime mai mic\u0103 de 0,5 mm, disponibile sub form\u0103 de role. Compozi\u021bia lor variaz\u0103 foarte mult \u0219i exist\u0103 multe formul\u0103ri diferite, cu propriet\u0103\u021bi dielectrice, termice \u0219i mecanice proprii. Astfel, punctul forte al poliimidelor de tip Kapton\u00ae se refer\u0103 la rezisten\u021ba la c\u0103ldur\u0103 (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 400\u00b0C ca v\u00e2rf termic de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103), \u00een raport cu alte caracteristici care r\u0103m\u00e2n foarte ridicate, \u00een timp ce poliesterii de tip Mylar\u00ae se num\u0103r\u0103 printre izolatorii cu cele mai mari valori dielectrice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izolatori lichizi\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Izola\u021bia electric\u0103 poate fi asigurat\u0103 \u0219i prin utilizarea materialelor sub form\u0103 lichid\u0103. Acest lucru permite ca izola\u021bia lichid\u0103 s\u0103 fie plasat\u0103 acolo unde este necesar, \u00eenainte de a se polimeriza ulterior. Printre exemple se num\u0103r\u0103 lacurile \u0219i masticurile de protec\u021bie. \u00cen plus\u00a0r\u0103\u0219ini lichide de impregnare epoxidice sau poliesterice<\/strong>\u00a0pot fi ad\u0103ugate la izola\u021bia din fibre pentru a forma materiale compozite rigide.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izolatori electrici rigizi \u0219i flexibili: exemple de aplica\u021bii\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Marea majoritate a industriilor sunt preocupate de izolarea electric\u0103. Izola\u021bia este utilizat\u0103 la fabricarea motoarelor, a cablurilor \u0219i a transformatoarelor, dar \u0219i \u00een toate dispozitivele electronice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Motoare \u0219i generatoare electrice\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00cen electronic\u0103, pl\u0103cile cu circuite imprimate sunt realizate dintr-un material numit FR-4, care este un laminat realizat din r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 epoxidic\u0103 \u0219i fibr\u0103 de sticl\u0103. Este un material gros, rigid \u0219i rezistent la foc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izolatori pentru electronic\u0103\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Motoarele electrice mici care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la tensiuni joase, cum ar fi motoarele de pomp\u0103 de \u0219terg\u0103tor de parbriz, pot fi izolate cu ajutorul unor folii izolatoare flexibile din poliester cu o grosime de aproximativ 100 de microni, deoarece caracterul dielectric al unui izolator variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de grosimea acestuia. Izolatorii flexibili sunt folosi\u021bi, de exemplu, \u00een func\u021biile de notch back sau de interfaz\u0103.<\/p>

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, la echipamentele de tip turboalternator sau turbin\u0103 cu gaz, folosim \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit materiale de \u00eenchidere a fantei realizate dintr-un laminat de \u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103, mai gros, mai rezistent \u0219i care combin\u0103 avantajele a 2 sau 3 materiale. Exemplu: laminate triplex Nokamex.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izolatori pentru industria auto\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00cen industria auto, izolatorii electrici se g\u0103sesc, printre altele, pe alternatoare, cabluri \u0219i sisteme electronice de bord. Mai mult, de la apari\u021bia ma\u0219inilor electrice \u0219i hibride, aceast\u0103 nevoie nu a f\u0103cut dec\u00e2t s\u0103 creasc\u0103 datorit\u0103 necesit\u0103\u021bii de a izola bateriile. De exemplu, se poate folosi Formex\u00ae, o polipropilen\u0103 \u00een folie sau panouri alveolare. Aceste solu\u021bii pot fi materiale izolatoare care disip\u0103 c\u0103ldura sau materiale izolatoare cu propriet\u0103\u021bi integrate de conduc\u021bie a curentului. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Concluzie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Exist\u0103 multe solu\u021bii de izolare electric\u0103 disponibile pe pia\u021b\u0103, iar alegerea lor depinde de aplica\u021bie. \u00cen plus, aceste materiale au performan\u021be diferite \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te izolarea electric\u0103, rezisten\u021ba la temperatur\u0103 \u0219i rezisten\u021ba mecanic\u0103.<\/p>

Nu ezita\u021bi s\u0103 contacta\u021bi echipele noastre. Acestea v\u0103 vor putea ajuta s\u0103 alege\u021bi izola\u021bia electric\u0103 potrivit\u0103 pentru nevoile dumneavoastr\u0103!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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O nevoie specific\u0103?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Echipele noastre v\u0103 vor r\u0103spunde \u00een cel mai scurt timp posibil<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce este un izolator electric \u0219i sub ce forme poate fi g\u0103sit? Prezen\u021bi \u00een toate sectoarele industriale, izolatorii electrici sunt elemente indispensabile, deoarece servesc la protejarea echipamentelor \u0219i a oamenilor. Ace\u0219ti izolatori se prezint\u0103 \u00een sute de combina\u021bii de forme, materiale \u0219i ansambluri, pentru aplica\u021bii uneori foarte diferite. Iat\u0103 o scurt\u0103 prezentare general\u0103 a acestor [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marche"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? - ADDEV Materials Converting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/ro\/ce-este-un-izolator-electric-si-in-ce-forme-se-poate-gasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? - ADDEV Materials Converting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is an electrical insulator and in what forms can it be found? Present in all industrial sectors, electrical insulators are indispensable elements, as they serve to protect equipment and people. These insulators come in hundreds of combinations of shapes, materials and assemblies, for sometimes very different applications. 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