{"id":3413,"date":"2022-03-30T12:25:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T10:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mi.addevmaterials.com\/?p=3413"},"modified":"2026-02-24T16:42:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T16:42:02","slug":"alegerea-izolatiei-electrice-potrivite-pentru-clasa-termica-a-echipamentului-dumneavoastra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/ro\/choosing-the-right-electrical-insulation-for-the-thermal-class-of-your-equipment\/","title":{"rendered":"Alegerea izola\u021biei electrice potrivite pentru clasa termic\u0103 a echipamentului dvs."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 asigurarea unei func\u021bii dielectrice , un material izolator trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u0219i o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la temperatur\u0103 corespunz\u0103toare condi\u021biilor de utilizare a echipamentului care trebuie protejat. Aceast\u0103 capacitate este caracterizat\u0103 de clasa termic\u0103 \u0219i trebuie specificat\u0103 \u00een caietul de sarcini.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Care este clasa termic\u0103 a echipamentelor electrotehnice \u00een conformitate cu IEC 60085?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Clasa termic\u0103 determin\u0103 temperatura maxim\u0103 la care un izolator electric \u00ee\u0219i va men\u021bine o anumit\u0103 stabilitate termic\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea. Prin urmare, este \u00eentr-un fel\u00a0<\/span>temperatura maxim\u0103 de utilizare<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0recomandat\u0103 pentru o durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 optim\u0103 a izola\u021biei.<\/span><\/p>

Clasa termic\u0103 a unui izolator este definit\u0103 de o liter\u0103, conform standardului IEC 60085:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Avertisment<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>: temperatura afi\u0219at\u0103 pe clasa termic\u0103 corespunde cu temperatura de<\/span>\u00a0temperatura real\u0103 la nivelul izola\u021biei<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Aceasta nu trebuie confundat\u0103 cu temperatura ambiant\u0103 maxim\u0103 sau cu cre\u0219terea temperaturii, \u00een cazul unui transformator.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Certificarea UL a materialelor izolante\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00cen afar\u0103 de standardul IEC 60085, exist\u0103 \u0219i alte standarde de clasificare a materialelor izolante care pot fi emise de organismele de certificare. \u00cen acest domeniu, certificarea UL este una dintre cele mai prestigioase m\u0103rci de conformitate a produselor \u0219i o marc\u0103 de siguran\u021b\u0103 recunoscut\u0103 la nivel mondial, emis\u0103 de Underwriters Laboratories\u00ae. Astfel, unui izolator electric certificat UL i se atribuie un\u00a0\"Carte UL\", care este \u00eentr-un fel pa\u0219aportul de conformitate al izolatorului.<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te propriet\u0103\u021bile termice ale materialului, fi\u0219a UL ofer\u0103 mai multe indica\u021bii:<\/p>

  • rezisten\u021b\u0103 la flac\u0103r\u0103 - UL94, testat \u00een conformitate cu standardul european IEC 60695-11-10 ;<\/li>
  • 3 tipuri de ITR (indice termic relativ), care corespund la\u00a0temperatura maxim\u0103 de func\u021bionare a<\/strong>\u00a0un material \u00een condi\u021bii critice.<\/li><\/ul>

    Astfel, a spune despre un material izolator c\u0103 rezist\u0103 la 130\u00b0C RTI \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, sub tensiune electric\u0103 sau mecanic\u0103, dup\u0103 60.000 de ore, produsul \u00ee\u0219i va fi p\u0103strat cel pu\u021bin 60% din caracteristicile sale ini\u021biale.<\/p>

    Avertisment<\/strong>\u00a0este important s\u0103 re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 valorile clasei termice nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna echivalente \u00eentre IEC 60085 \u0219i UL RTI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Cum aleg izola\u021bia potrivit\u0103 pentru echipamentul meu?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Izolatorul electric ideal este, \u00eenainte de toate, cel care va respecta specifica\u021biile.\u00a0<\/p>

    Punctul privind cele 4 criterii cheie \u00een alegerea unui izolator electric.<\/p>

    1. Propriet\u0103\u021bi dielectrice<\/strong><\/h3>

    Materialele izolatoare trebuie, desigur, s\u0103 aib\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi dielectrice care s\u0103 permit\u0103 o protec\u021bie eficient\u0103 a echipamentelor. Cu toate acestea, \u00een unele cazuri, este esen\u021bial ca izola\u021bia electric\u0103 aleas\u0103 s\u0103 poat\u0103 rezista la temperaturi ridicate. Prin urmare, nu se va c\u0103uta neap\u0103rat cea mai bun\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 din punct de vedere dielectric \u0219i va trebui s\u0103 se g\u0103seasc\u0103 compromisuri, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te rezisten\u021ba mecanic\u0103. Afla\u021bi mai multe despre deteriorarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor dielectrice ale izolatorilor.<\/p>

    2. Temperatura de utilizare<\/strong><\/h3>

    Alegerea izola\u021biei este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de condi\u021biile termice la care va fi supus\u0103 \u00een timpul vie\u021bii sale. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, un izolator poate, pe de o parte, s\u0103 se degradeze sub efectul c\u0103ldurii \u0219i, pe de alt\u0103 parte, rigiditatea sa dielectric\u0103 variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de temperatur\u0103. Prin urmare, la alegerea izola\u021biei trebuie s\u0103 se aib\u0103 grij\u0103 s\u0103 se respecte clasa termic\u0103 a echipamentului.<\/p>

    3. Criteriul economic<\/strong><\/h3>

    Aspectul economic este un criteriu important de care trebuie s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 cont atunci c\u00e2nd se alege un izolator, deoarece diferen\u021bele de costuri pot fi mari \u00eentre dou\u0103 materiale. Costul unui izolator performant poate contribui la fiabilitatea echipamentului izolat \u0219i poate face astfel posibil\u0103 ob\u021binerea unor c\u00e2\u0219tiguri semnificative pe celelalte sta\u021bii care alc\u0103tuiesc sistemul.<\/p>

    4. Alege\u021bi materiale recunoscute<\/strong><\/h3>

    Ar trebui s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 seama de faptul c\u0103 nu toate materialele sunt create \u00een mod egal<\/strong> chiar dac\u0103 compozi\u021bia lor chimic\u0103 este a priori identic\u0103. De exemplu, \u00een cazul \u00een care toate poliimidele sunt mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin rezistente la c\u0103ldur\u0103, marca Kapton\u00ae r\u0103m\u00e2ne o referin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o garan\u021bie a calit\u0103\u021bii, deoarece produc\u0103torul este angajat \u00eentr-un proces de certificare care garanteaz\u0103 o performan\u021b\u0103 constant\u0103 \u0219i egal\u0103.<\/p>

    Descoperi\u021bi diferitele tipuri de izolatori electrici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Ce izolatori electrici pot rezista la c\u0103ldur\u0103?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    4 tipuri de izolatori electrici ofer\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bi interesante de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la c\u0103ldur\u0103:<\/span><\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    1. Poliesteri<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>

    Numai poliesterii vor putea accepta s\u0103 func\u021bioneze p\u00e2n\u0103 la temperaturi de 160\u00b0C sau chiar mai mult, \u00een func\u021bie de durata de expunere. Standardele anun\u021b\u0103 130\u00b0C pentru IEC \u0219i 105\u00b0C pentru UL. De exemplu, poliesterul PET se comport\u0103 bine p\u00e2n\u0103 la 105\u00b0C, iar PEN poate fi utilizat \u00een continuare la 160\u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    2. Polietilen\u0103<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>

    Polietilena este un bun izolator, dar nu poate fi utilizat\u0103 la temperaturi mai mari de 60\u00b0C\/RTI UL continuu sau 130\u00b0C\/IEC.<\/span><\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    3. Poliimid\u0103<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>

    Poliimida este cel mai eficient polimer atunci c\u00e2nd se caut\u0103 o bun\u0103 izolare electric\u0103 la temperaturi ridicate, deoarece este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 reziste la peste 400\u00b0C timp de c\u00e2teva ore. Cea mai cunoscut\u0103 marc\u0103 de poliimid\u0103 este Kapton, disponibil\u0103 sub form\u0103 de adezivi sau rulouri de film.<\/span><\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    4. Materiale rigide sau flexibile<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>

    Pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi performan\u021ba termic\u0103, este posibil\u0103 \u0219i combinarea avantajelor mai multor materiale. Astfel, Nokamex Duplex este alc\u0103tuit dintr-un ansamblu de dou\u0103 materiale:<\/span><\/p>

    • O pelicul\u0103 din poliimid\u0103 Kapton, pentru rezisten\u021b\u0103 la temperatur\u0103 \u0219i izolare;<\/span><\/li>
    • O h\u00e2rtie Nomex aramidic\u0103 pentru rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103;<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

      \u00a0<\/p>

      Materialul ob\u021binut este astfel un izolator excelent, utilizabil la temperaturi ridicate \u0219i cu o rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103 ridicat\u0103.<\/span><\/p>

      Capacitatea unui izolator electric de a rezista la c\u0103ldur\u0103 depinde de mai mul\u021bi factori, cum ar fi compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a materialului. Astfel, poliimidele au o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la temperaturi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 400\u00b0C la v\u00e2rf termic, \u00een timp ce polietilena nu poate rezista la temperaturi ridicate. \u00cen plus, combina\u021biile de materiale sunt infinite.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Concluzie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Pentru a alege izolatorul electric potrivit, trebuie s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi clasa termic\u0103 a echipamentului care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie protejat. Alegerea este apoi o chestiune de compromis \u00eentre criteriile economice, termice \u0219i electrice. Exper\u021bii no\u0219tri au adunat toate sfaturile lor \u00eentr-o\u00a0<\/span>ebook despre materiale de \u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i izola\u021bie electric\u0103!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      In addition\u00a0to\u00a0ensuring a dielectric function\u00a0, an insulating material must also have a temperature resistance corresponding to the conditions of use of the equipment to be protected.\u00a0This ability is characterized by the thermal class and must be specified in the specifications. What is the thermal class of electrotechnical equipment according to IEC 60085? The thermal class […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marche"],"yoast_head":"\nChoosing the right electrical insulation for the thermal class of your equipment - ADDEV Materials Converting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/addevmaterials.com\/converting\/ro\/alegerea-izolatiei-electrice-potrivite-pentru-clasa-termica-a-echipamentului-dumneavoastra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Choosing the right electrical insulation for the thermal class of your equipment - ADDEV Materials Converting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In addition\u00a0to\u00a0ensuring a dielectric function\u00a0, an insulating material must also have a temperature resistance corresponding to the conditions of use of the equipment to be protected.\u00a0This ability is characterized by the thermal class and must be specified in the specifications. What is the thermal class of electrotechnical equipment according to IEC 60085? 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